Table 1 Cohort characteristics stratified by median calcium and magnesium total intakes, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study 1995–2011.
Characteristic | Calcium Intake (Median:881.3 mg) | Magnesium Intake (Median: 358.6 mg) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Below Median (N = 268,180) | Above Median (N = 268,179) | P-value | Below Median (N = 268,162) | Above Median (N = 268,197) | P-value | |
Age at entry (mean, SD), years | 61.6 (5.4) | 61.7 (5.4) | <0.001 | 61.7 (5.4) | 61.6 (5.4) | <0.001 |
Male (%) | 63.9% | 54.0% | <0.001 | 52.0% | 65.9% | <0.001 |
Race/Ethnicity (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 91.7% | 93.6% | 92.0% | 93.2% | ||
Non-Hispanic black | 4.6% | 3.1% | 4.4% | 3.4% | ||
Hispanic | 1.9% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 1.9% | ||
Asian | 1.4% | 1.0% | 1.4% | 1.1% | ||
Pacific Is/Alaskan/ Native Am/Other | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | ||
BMI (mean, SD), m/kg2 | 27.2 (5.0) | 27.0 (5.2) | <0.001 | 27.1 (5.2) | 27.1 (5.1) | 0.70 |
Obese status (BMI > 30), (%) | 24.3% | 23.6% | <0.001 | 24.3% | 23.6% | <0.001 |
Smoking status (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Never smoker | 34.5% | 38.0% | 38.0% | 34.5% | ||
Former smoker | 52.2% | 50.5% | 49.4% | 53.3% | ||
Current smoker | 13.3% | 11.5% | 12.6% | 12.2% | ||
Alcohol use (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
None | 23.8% | 25.3% | 26.0% | 23.1% | ||
Up to 1 drink/day (but not 0 g/day) | 18.7% | 19.9% | 21.9% | 16.7% | ||
Up to 2 drinks/day | 8.8% | 8.5% | 9.2% | 8.1% | ||
2–3 drinks/day | 6.4% | 6.3% | 6.6% | 6.1% | ||
>3 drinks/day | 42.2% | 40.1% | 36.2% | 46.1% | ||
Moderate/heavy alcohol use, gender-specific standards (%) | 51.6% | 50.2% | <0.001 | 46.8% | 54.9% | <0.001 |
Highest education achieved (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Less than high school | 27.3% | 25.3% | 28.1% | 24.5% | ||
Completed high school | 10.2% | 10.1% | 10.2% | 10.0% | ||
Some post-high school training | 23.8% | 24.0% | 24.3% | 23.5% | ||
Completed college and/or postgraduate | 38.7% | 40.7% | 37.4% | 42.0% | ||
Self-reported health (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Excellent or very good | 51.0% | 53.1% | 50.6% | 53.4% | ||
Good | 35.8% | 34.1% | 35.9% | 34.0% | ||
Fair or Poor | 13.2% | 12.8% | 13.5% | 12.6% | ||
Daily energy intakea (mean, SD), kcal/day | 1869.2 (222.4) | 1824.1 (230.9) | <0.001 | 1815.0 (230.3) | 1878.4 (220.8) | <0.001 |
Healthy Eating Index Scoreb (mean, SD) | 68.1 (1.6) | 67.2 (2.1) | <0.001 | 68.5 (1.4) | 66.7 (2.0) | <0.001 |
Total calcium intakeb (mean, SD), mg | 899.1 (218.5) | 1139.7 (305.8) | <0.001 | 877.1 (193.5) | 1161.8 (303.8) | <0.001 |
Dietary, total (mean, SD), mg | 668.3 (205.7) | 887.3 (320.1) | 618.2 (165.6) | 937.5 (300.5) | ||
Dairy source (mean, SD), mg | 369.6 (116.0) | 494 (180.0) | 342.0 (93.7) | 521.6 (169.5) | ||
Nondairy source (mean, SD), mg | 298.8 (89.9) | 393.2 (140.2) | 276.2 (72.2) | 415.9 (131.2) | ||
Supplemental intake (mean, SD), mg | 545.9 (37.2) | 699.8 (74.1) | 570.1 (55.3) | 536.4 (58.6) | ||
Calcium supplement (yes), % | 30.2% | 71.9% | <0.001 | 54.8% | 55.6% | <0.001 |
Total magnesium intakeb (mean, SD), mg | 335.8 (82.3) | 421.3 (128.3) | <0.001 | 314.7 (66.1) | 442.5 (119.8) | <0.001 |
Dietary, total (mean, SD), mg | 291.7 (84.4) | |||||
Supplemental intake (mean, SD), mg | 93.2 (1.5) | 93.7 (1.9) | 93.0 (1.4) | 93.8 (2.0) | ||
Magnesium supplement (yes), % | 40.3% | 65.0% | <0.001 | 36.4% | 69.0% | <0.001 |
