Table 2 Associations between calcium and magnesium total intakes and risk of oesophageal cancer (OAC, OSCC, total), NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study 1995–2011.

From: Associations between calcium and magnesium intake and the risk of incident oesophageal cancer: an analysis of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study prospective cohort

Total follow-up time: 6,503,978 person-years

Quartiles of Calcium or Magnesium intake

p-trend

Quartile 1 (Low) Ca, mean (SD): 440 (110) mg Mg, mean (SD): 215 (45) mg

Quartile 2 Ca, mean (SD): 737 (80) mg Mg, mean (SD): 318 (24) mg

Quartile 3 Ca, mean (SD): 1068 (119) mg Mg, mean (SD): 404 (29) mg

Quartile 4 (High) Ca, mean (SD): 1833 (515) mg Mg, mean (SD): 578 (124) mg

Cancer type

Cases

HR, 95% CI

Cases

HR, 95% CI

Cases

HR, 95% CI

Cases

HR, 95% CI

Oesophageal, Total (1414 cases)a

  Calcium

369

 

395

 

349

 

301

  

    Minimally adjustedb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

0.96 (0.82–1.11)

 

0.85 (0.72–1.01)

 

0.84 (0.68–1.02)

0.04

    Fully adjusted b

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.00 (0.86–1.17)

 

0.93 (0.78–1.11)

 

0.98 (0.79–1.21)

0.65

  Magnesium

301

 

346

 

365

 

402

  

    Minimally adjustedb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

0.98 (0.83–1.15)

 

0.91 (0.77–1.08)

 

0.83 (0.67–1.02)

0.07

    Fully adjustedb,c

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.06 (0.89–1.26)

 

1.07 (0.89–1.28)

 

1.09 (0.86–1.37)

0.50

OAC (996 cases)

  Calcium

246

 

293

 

253

 

204

  

    Minimally adjustedb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.12 (0.94–1.34)

 

1.05 (0.86–1.29)

 

1.06 (0.83–1.35)

0.81

    Fully adjustedb,c

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.16 (0.96–1.40)

 

1.10 (0.89–1.37)

 

1.17 (0.91–1.51)

0.34

  Magnesium

204

 

252

 

260

 

280

  

    Minimally adjustedb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.05 (0.87–1.26)

 

0.96 (0.78–1.18)

 

0.91 (0.70–1.17)

0.35

    Fully adjustedb,c

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.18 (0.96–1.45)

 

1.18 (0.95–1.47)

 

1.28 (0.96–1.69)

0.11

OSCC (344 cases)

  Calcium

108

 

83

 

76

 

77

  

    Minimally adjustedb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

0.63 (0.47–0.85)

 

0.49 (0.35–0.68)

 

0.44 (0.29–0.65)

<0.001

    Fully adjustedb,c

 

1.00 (ref)

 

0.68 (0.48–0.92)

 

0.59 (0.42–0.84)

 

0.61 (0.41–0.92)

0.01

  Magnesium

81

 

80

 

86

 

97

  

    Minimally adjustedb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

0.90 (0.65–1.24)

 

0.90 (0.64–1.26)

 

0.72 (0.47–1.12)

0.20

    Fully adjustedb,c

 

1.00 (ref)

 

0.92 (0.66–1.30)

 

0.94 (0.65–1.36)

 

0.87 (0.54–1.39)

0.62

  1. a“Total oesophageal cancer” includes OAC (n = 996), OSCC (n = 344) and oesophageal cancer histologic subtype not otherwise specified (NOS) (N = 74).
  2. bAdjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, energy intake.
  3. cAdditionally adjusted for obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, self-reported health, healthy eating index (HEI), educational status and total Ca (or Mg) intake.
  4. Bold values indicate statistical significance p < 0.05.
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