Table 3 Associations between calcium and magnesium total intakes and risk of oesophageal (OAC, OSCC, total) stratified by Ca:Mg ratioa, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study 1995–2011.

From: Associations between calcium and magnesium intake and the risk of incident oesophageal cancer: an analysis of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study prospective cohort

 

Tertiles of Calcium or Magnesium Intake

 

Tertile 1 (Low) Ca, mean (SD): 491 (132) mg Mg, mean (SD): 234 (51) mg

Tertile 2 Ca, mean (SD): 890 (125) mg Mg, mean (SD): 360 (33) mg

Tertile 3 (High) Ca, mean (SD): 1677 (521) mg Mg, mean (SD): 543 (124) mg

p-trend

p-interaction

 

Cases

HR, 95% CI

Cases

HR, 95% CI

Cases

HR, 95% CI

OAC (996 cases)

  Calcium

    Overallb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.07 (0.90–1.27)

 

1.20 (0.97–1.48)

0.10

 

    Ca:Mg < 1.7 (171)

127

1.00 (ref)

42

1.03 (0.61–1.75)

2

0.17 (0.02–1.50)

0.65

(ref)

    Ca:Mg ≥ 1.7, <2.6 (480)

194

1.00 (ref)

216

1.02 (0.77–1.34)

70

1.08 (0.64–1.81)

0.82

0.99

    Ca:Mg ≥ 2.6 (345)

23

1.00 (ref)

98

0.99 (0.60–1.61)

224

1.13 (0.67–1.91)

0.44

0.68

  Magnesium

    Overallb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.13 (0.95–1.36)

 

1.18 (0.94–1.49)

0.16

 

    Ca:Mg < 1.7 (171)

52

1.00 (ref)

58

1.43 (0.90–2.26)

61

1.96 (1.01–3.77)

0.04

(ref)

    Ca:Mg ≥ 1.7, <2.6 (480)

143

1.00 (ref)

168

1.21 (0.92–1.59)

169

1.40 (0.93–2.10)

0.10

0.50

    Ca:M ≥ 2.6 (345)

91

1.00 (ref)

117

1.06 (0.77–1.43)

137

0.99 (0.66–1.48)

0.95

0.97

OSCC (344 cases)

  Calcium

    Overallb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

0.81 (0.60–1.08)

 

0.77 (0.54–1.10)

0.15

 

    Ca:Mg < 1.7 (106)

77

1.00 (ref)

25

0.69 (0.33–1.43)

4

0.33 (0.07–1.67)

0.19

(ref)

    Ca:Mg ≥ 1.7, <2.6 (126)

45

1.00 (ref)

58

1.29 (0.75–2.21)

23

1.54 (0.59–4.07)

0.34

0.18

    Ca:Mg ≥ 2.6 (112)

7

1.00 (ref)

30

0.99 (0.42–2.34)

75

1.34 (0.55–3.29)

0.30

0.19

  Magnesium

    Overallb

 

1.00 (ref)

 

1.04 (0.61–1.77)

 

1.16 (0.58–2.35)

0.69

 

    Ca:Mg < 1.7 (106)

37

1.00 (ref)

34

1.06 (0.60–1.86)

35

0.73 (0.31–1.73)

0.57

(ref)

    Ca:Mg ≥ 1.7, <2.6 (126)

34

1.00 (ref)

44

1.15 (0.68–1.94)

48

1.08 (0.51–2.30)

0.81

0.48

    Ca:Mg ≥ 2.6 (112)

33

1.00 (ref)

37

1.04 (0.61–1.77)

42

1.16 (0.58–2.35)

0.61

0.97

  1. aTertile was selected for exposure categorization to prevent sparse cell counts due to a small number of cases.
  2. bAll models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, energy intake, obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, self-reported health, healthy eating index (HEI), educational status, and total Ca (or Mg) intake.
  3. Bold values indicate statistical significance p < 0.05.
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