Fig. 3: CSF2 knockdown reduces microglia-dependent invasion of human glioblastoma cells.

a–c Cell invasion was determined using matrigel invasion test. Same number of shNeg or shCSF2 LN18 and U87 glioma cells were plated on matrigel-covered inserts with or without BV2 microglia cells in the lower compartments. Cells migrating through the matrigel were stained and counted with laser scanning cytometry (representative histograms are shown in a) or quantified manually in five fields (b, c). d Invasion of shNeg or shCSF2 glioma cells in the absence or presence of human SV40 immortalised microglial cells (HMSV40) was determined. Data are presented as means ± s.d.; statistical significance was analysed by ANOVA and marked as *shNeg versus shCSF2, *p < 0.05; # in the absence versus presence of microglia, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01). e Schematic representation of tested conditions. f The effect of antibodies against CSF2 or CSF2Rα on the invasion of U87 glioma cells co-cultured without or with HMSV40 or BV2 microglia in the lower compartment.