Fig. 5: Myeloid infiltrates and tumour growth in control and CSF2-depleted gliomas.

a ShNeg or shCSF2 LN18 glioma cells were implanted into the striata of athymic mice and the tumours kept growing for 15 days. Human cells were visualized in brain sections with anti-human PCNA staining; scale bar 100 µm. Inset shows cells at higher magnification. b Quantification of tumour volume of shNeg or CSF2-depleted gliomas. Each dot represents an individual animal, and the bold line depicts the mean (8 mice/shCSF2 group, 6 mice/shNeg group); statistical analysis with U Mann-Whitney test; p = 0.01. c Survival of mice with implanted shCSF2 gliomas (green) compared with mice with control gliomas (red) (p = 0.04). d Microglia/macrophages were visualized using Iba1 staining (red); cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). e Quantification of Iba1+ cells in experimental gliomas (8 mice/shCSF2 group, 6 mice/shNeg group). The statistical significance was determined using Student’s t test, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.