Fig. 5: Alterations to the kynurenine pathway in RCC.

The various enzymes and intermediates generated through this de novo synthesis of NAD+ from tryptophan are shown together with the salvage pathway route for generation of NAD+ from nicotinamide, catalysed by NAMPT. Enzymes for which we have strong evidence of downregulation in RCC tissues are marked with a solid grey arrow. Enzymes or substrates observed to be upregulated are marked with a hatched arrow. Enzymes with evidence to suggest they may be down regulated are marked by an open grey arrow.