Fig. 1: Immunohistochemistry of p53 and PD-L1 in PDAC.

Typical immunohistochemical staining pattern of p53 (a–c) and PD-L1 (d, e). a Normal staining pattern of nuclei in tumour adjacent pancreatic tissue and “negative” staining pattern in PDAC for p53 in IHC. b Abnormal staining pattern in PDAC; nuclear accumulation of p53 protein was observed in IHC, which was defined as “Positive” indicating mutated p53. C, Absence of p53 in PDAC, which was also defined as “Positive”. Example of typical immunohistochemical “Positive” and “Negative” staining pattern of PD-L1, respectively (d, e). Image magnification of ×400.