Fig. 3: Diagnostic performance of AFP mRNA for in situ detection in the diagnosis of HCC.

ROC curve analyses of AFP RNAscope, GPC3, HepPar-1, and Arg-1 and also for panel 1 (any positive of AFP RNAscope +GPC3 IHC) and panel 2 (any positive of AFP RNAscope, GPC3, HepPar-1 and Arg-1) in the diagnosis of HCC. We assessed HCC vs. non-HCC diseases, liver benign diseases, and non-hepatocytic tumours in the training cohort (a–c), validation cohort (d–f), and test cohort (g–i).