Table. 2 Association between physical activity, grip strength, sedentary behaviour and malignant melanoma (at chronically/intermittently UV-exposed skin).

From: Association between physical activity, grip strength and sedentary behaviour with incidence of malignant melanoma: results from the UK Biobank

	Total malignant melanoma			Malignant melanoma at chronically UV-exposed skin			Malignant melanoma at intermittently UV-exposed skin
	Cases	HR (95% CI)	p-value	Cases	HR (95% CI)	p-value	Cases	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Physical activity—basic model
Overall	1239	1.00 (0.95–1.06)	0.892	507	0.95 (0.86–1.04)	0.260	712	1.05 (0.97–1.13)	0.211
Women	559	1.03 (0.94–1.12)	0.519	211	1.03 (0.90–1.19)	0.666	339	1.04 (0.93–1.16)	0.465
Men	680	0.99 (0.91–1.07)	0.749	296	0.90 (0.79–1.02)	0.101	373	1.05 (0.95–1.16)	0.331
Physical activity—full model
Overall	1239	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	0.779	507	0.98 (0.89–1.08)	0.675	712	1.03 (0.95–1.12)	0.440
Women	559	1.03 (0.94–1.13)	0.554	211	1.04 (0.90–1.20)	0.606^a	339	1.03 (0.92–1.16)	0.573
Men	680	1.00 (0.92–1.09)	0.958	296	0.94 (0.82–1.08)	0.382	373	1.03 (0.92–1.15)	0.591
Grip strength—basic model
Overall	1239	1.23 (1.08–1.40)	0.002^b	507	0.99 (0.81–1.22)	0.958	712	1.39 (1.17–1.66)	<0.001
Women	559	1.08 (0.96–1.21)	0.178	211	0.93 (0.77–1.12)	0.417	339	1.17 (1.01–1.36)	0.036
Men	680	1.16 (1.04–1.29)	0.006	296	1.04 (0.89–1.22)	0.637	373	1.25 (1.08–1.44)	0.002
Grip strength—full model
Overall	1239	1.10 (0.96–1.26)	0.178	507	0.92 (0.74–1.13)	0.425	712	1.22 (1.02–1.47)	0.031
Women	559	1.01 (0.89–1.14)	0.900	211	0.87 (0.72–1.06)	0.179	339	1.08 (0.92–1.26)	0.359
Men	680	1.10 (0.98–1.22)	0.101	296	0.99 (0.84–1.17)	0.929	373	1.17 (1.01–1.36)	0.035
Sedentary behaviour—basic model
Overall	1239	1.02 (0.95–1.09)	0.657	507	0.95 (0.85–1.07)	0.404	712	1.06 (0.97–1.16)	0.231^a
Women	559	1.04 (0.95–1.15)	0.404	211	0.96 (0.82–1.13)	0.638	339	1.09 (0.97–1.23)	0.143^a
Men	680	1.00 (0.91–1.09)	0.951	296	0.96 (0.83–1.10)	0.530	373	1.02 (0.91–1.15)	0.740
Sedentary behaviour—full model
Overall	1239	1.04 (0.97–1.12)	0.306	507	0.99 (0.88–1.11)	0.835	712	1.07 (0.97–1.18)	0.164^a
Women	559	1.07 (0.97–1.19)	0.161	211	1.00 (0.84–1.18)	0.963	339	1.12 (0.99–1.27)	0.067^a
Men	680	1.01 (0.92–1.11)	0.755	296	0.98 (0.85–1.14)	0.832	373	1.03 (0.91–1.16)	0.686

Cox proportional hazards regression models with observed exposure and multiply imputed covariable data (overall n = 350,512; women n = 178,340; men n = 172,172). Exposures (physical activity, grip strength, sedentary behaviour) were entered as continuous variables. Associations were modelled linearly and hazard ratios are shown for an interquartile range increase (i.e. 25–75th percentile):
Physical activity: increment of 2751/2627.5/2910 MET-minutes per week of MVPA (overall/women/men).
Grip strength: increment of 17/8/11.5 kg (overall/women/men).
Sedentary behaviour: increment of 3/2.5/3 h per day (overall/women/men).
Basic models were adjusted for age (as time scale), study region (baseline hazard stratification) and in the overall group additionally for gender.
Full models were additionally adjusted for education, pack years, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, height, UV sensitivity, time spent outdoors during summer, sunburn occasions during childhood, solarium use and seasonality. Models were also mutually adjusted for physical activity, grip strength and sedentary behaviour.
^aIndication for non-linear association. Restricted cubic spline plots in the supplement (Fig. S3).
^bPotential violation of the proportional hazards assumption regarding grip strength.

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Table. 2 Association between physical activity, grip strength, sedentary behaviour and malignant melanoma (at chronically/intermittently UV-exposed skin).

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