Table 3 Multivariable time-dependent Cox analyses for risk of all-cause mortality related to post-diagnosis PPI use in different risk groups.

From: Proton pump inhibitors and survival in patients with colorectal cancer: a Swedish population-based cohort study

 

PPI nonusersa

PPI usersa

aHRb

P for interaction

No. of deaths/No. of person-years

  

Sex

   

0.007

Male

4548/36 324

2508/16,802

1.44 (1.36, 1.52)

 

Female

3891/31 691

2238/17,060

1.32 (1.24, 1.40)

 

Tumour stage

   

<0.001

0 + I

351/10 830

299/4811

1.61 (1.36, 1.90)

 

II

1010/18 413

718/8666

1.44 (1.30, 1.60)

 

III

1414/14 966

1130/8339

1.53 (1.41, 1.66)

 

IV

3474/6419

1482/2886

1.20 (1.12, 1.27)

 

Tumour site

   

<0.001

Colon

5741/43 720

3147/22,399

1.29 (1.23, 1.36)

 

Rectum

2698/24 295

1599/11,472

1.63 (1.50, 1.75)

 

CRC surgery

   

<0.001

Yes

4939/59 767

3657/30,735

1.51 (1.44, 1.59)

 

No

3500/8248

1089/3127

1.06 (0.97, 1.16)

 
  1. PPI proton pump inhibitors, CRC colorectal cancer, aHR multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio.
  2. aPPI users were patients who had at least one PPI dispensation after the diagnosis of CRC; PPI nonusers were patients not collecting PPI dispensation after the diagnosis of CRC.
  3. baHRs were adjusted for age, sex, pre-diagnosis PPI use, tumour site, tumour stage, CRC surgery, maintenance use of low-dose aspirin, maintenance use of non-aspirin NSAIDs, and the Charlson Comorbidity score.
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