Table 3 Associations between antibiotic use and colorectal cancer.

From: Oral antibiotic use and early-onset colorectal cancer: findings from a case-control study using a national clinical database

Primary analyses

  

<50 years

≥50 years

 

Site

Medicine

Cases n (%)

Controls n (%)

Adjustedb OR (95% CI)

Adjustedb p-value

Cases n (%)

Controls n (%)

Adjustedb OR (95% CI)

Adjustedb p-value

Interaction test p-value

Colon

Any antibiotic use

141 (48.8%)

492 (40.4%)

1.49 (1.07, 2.07)

0.018

2422 (48.5%)

8775 (46.0%)

1.09 (1.01, 1.18)

0.029

0.071

Anti-anaerobic activitya

107 (37.0%)

386 (31.7%)

1.34 (0.97, 1.86)

0.078

1827 (36.6%)

6594 (34.6%)

1.08 (1.00, 1.17)

0.054

0.204

Non-anti-anaerobic activitya

91 (31.5%)

303 (24.9%)

1.37 (0.97, 1.93)

0.075

1585 (31.8%)

5741 (30.1%)

1.03 (0.95, 1.11)

0.500

0.151

Rectum

Any antibiotic use

69 (44.2%)

69 (44.2%)

1.17 (0.75, 1.84)

0.493

1074 (43.6%)

3968 (42.0%)

1.07 (0.96, 1.19)

0.238

0.698

Anti-anaerobic activitya

56 (35.9%)

56 (35.9%)

1.11 (0.70, 1.76)

0.646

803 (32.6%)

3026 (32.0%)

1.00 (0.89,1.11)

0.974

0.650

Non-anti-anaerobic activitya

44 (28.2%)

44 (28.2%)

1.70 (1.06, 2.74)

0.029

684 (27.7%)

2499 (26.4%)

1.05 (0.93, 1.18)

0.436

0.888

Subgroup analyses

Proximal colon

Any antibiotic use

31 (62.0%)

87 (41.0%)

3.78 (1.60, 8.92)

0.002

272 (42.7%)

1048 (43.3%)

0.92 (0.74, 1.13)

0.315

0.001

Anti-anaerobic activitya

22 (44.0%)

64 (30.2%)

2.17 (1.00, 4.68)

0.049

208 (32.7%)

744 (30.8%)

1.10 (0.88, 1.37)

0.537

0.034

Non-anti-anaerobic activitya

19 (38.0%)

53 (25.0%)

2.86 (1.21, 6.73)

0.016

179 (28.1%)

741 (30.7%)

0.79 (0.64, 0.99)

0.036

0.153

Distal colon

Any antibiotic use

20 (55.6%)

60 (40.0%)

3.39 (1.02, 11.28)

0.047

245 (47.6%)

896 (44.2%)

1.14 (0.90, 1.44)

0.289

0.083

Anti-anaerobic activitya

12 (33.3%)

51 (34.0%)

1.06 (0.35, 3.23)

0.922

178 (34.6%)

675 (33.3%)

1.02 (0.80, 1.31)

0.971

0.930

Non-anti-anaerobic activitya

16 (44.4%)

31 (20.7%)

5.17 (1.71, 15.60)

0.004

152 (29.5%)

578 (28.5%)

1.01 (0.79, 1.29)

0.990

0.916

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.
  2. aPrimary clinical therapeutic effect on gut microbe.
  3. bAdjusted for diabetes, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, renal disease, liver disease, hemiplegia/paraplegia, gallstones, acromegaly, low dose aspirin and NSAIDs.
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