Table 1 Summary of characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
Biomarker | First author and publication year | Study design | Settings | Country | Number of participants | Male (%) | Age distribution (years) | Study period (mean/median follow-up in years) | Primary outcome | Number of gastric cancer cases | Overall risk of biasa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HbA1cb | Travier 2007 | Cohort | Screening | New Zealand | 46,575 | 44.6 | >= 18, and more than 60% <40 | 1999–2004 (4.4) | All cancer incidence | 25 | Moderate to high |
HbA1c | Ikeda 2009 | Cohort | Screening | Japan | 2603 | 41.2 | Mean age 59.2 | 1988–2002 (not reported) | Gastric cancer incidence | 97 | Low |
HbA1c | Goto 2016 | Cohort | Health check-up | Japan | 29,629 | 38.3 | Mean age 62.6 | 1998–2008 (8.5) | All cancer incidence | 282 | Low |
HbA1c | Cheung 2019 | Cohort | Registry-based cohort | China (Hong Kong) | 7266 | 52.0 | Median age 65.2 (interquartile range 56.1–74.2) | 2003–2015 (5.5) | Gastric cancer incidence | 37 | Low |
HbA1c | Peila 2020 | Cohort | Biobank cohort | United Kingdom | 476,517 | 45.6 | Mean age 56.4 | 2006–2016 (7.1) | All cancer incidence | 380 | Moderate to high |
Serum glucose | Jee 2005 | Cohort | Health check-up | Korea | 1,298,385 | 63.9 | Mean age for men 45.3; mean age for women 49.6 | 1992–2002 (not reported) | All cancer incidence | Not reported | Moderate to high |
Serum glucose | Yamagata 2005 | Cohort | Screening | Japan | 2466 | 41.7 | Mean age for men 57.5; mean age for women 58.8 | 1988–1997 (not reported) | Gastric cancer incidence | 66 | Low |
Serum glucose | Wulaningsih 2012 | Cohort | Screening | Sweden | 540,309 | 53.7 | Mean age for participants with gastric cancer 57.8 | 1985–2002 (12) | Incidence of cancer of the oesophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum | 776 | Moderate to high |
Serum glucose (fasting and non-fasting) | Lindkvist 2013 | Cohort | Registry-based cohorts | Norway, Austria, Sweden | 578,700 | 50.1 | Mean age for men 43.9; mean age for women 44.1 | Norwegian cohorts 1972–2003; Austrian cohort 1985–2003; Swedish cohorts 1985–2006 (10.4) | Gastric adenocarcinoma incidence | 1210 | Moderate to high |
Serum glucose (non-fasting) | Hidaka 2015 | Nested case–control | Screening | Japan | 123,576 | 66.9 | Mean age 57.2 | 1990–2004 (not applicable) | Gastric cancer incidence | 477 | Low |
Serum glucose | Kim 2016 | Cohort | Health check-up | Korea | 23,218 | 62.4 | Mean age for participants with gastric cancer 56.5; mean age for participants without gastric cancer 53.2 | 2004–2015 (6.8) | Gastric adenocarcinoma incidence | 154 | Moderate to high |
Serum glucose (non-fasting) | Pan 2018 | Cohort | Prospective cohorts | China | 508,892 | 41.0 | Age range 30-79; more than 75% between 30-59 | 2004–2013 (7.1) | All cancer incidence | 2104 | Moderate to high |
