Fig. 7: Effect of combined treatment of RT with 5-ALA on hypoxia-induced cancer stemness in PCA cells.

a RT-PCR results showing the mRNA expression of stem cell markers including CD44, CD133 and SOX2 after radiation (IR) or IR + 5-ALA under hypoxia by 1% O2 or CoCl2 (100 μM). Statistical analysis; by Student’s t-test (mean ± SEM, n = 3). b Sphere formation after treatments under hypoxia. Statistical analysis; by Student’s t-test. IR ionising radiation.