Table 2 Use of 5α-reductase inhibitors and risk of oesophageal and gastric cancer by histological type and anatomical sub-site.

From: Use of anti-androgenic 5α-reductase inhibitors and risk of oesophageal and gastric cancer by histological type and anatomical sub-site

Outcome

Number of cases in users/non-users

Crude hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)*

Oesophageal or cardia adenocarcinoma

 Non-users

3328

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Users

345

0.93 (0.83–1.04)

0.92 (0.82–1.02)

Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

 Non-users

985

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Users

53

0.48 (0.37–0.64)

0.49 (0.37–0.65)

Non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma

 Non-users

2567

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Users

264

0.93 (0.82–1.06)

0.90 (0.80–1.02)

  1. *Adjusted for age, calendar year, tobacco smoking or smoking-related diagnoses, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin, and use of statins, with further adjustment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, obesity or diabetes, and Helicobacter pylori treatment for oesophageal or gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, further adjustment for obesity or diabetes, and Helicobacter pylori treatment for gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma, and further adjustment for alcohol overconsumption-related diagnoses for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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