Fig. 7: A proposed model of the RARα-Nrf2 complex in MDS and AML cells exposed to DAC, alone or combined with ATRA.

Treatment with DAC alone induced ROS generation and activated the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant response. Co-treatment with DAC and ATRA reduced the level of HDAC1 binding to the RARα-Nrf2 complex, prevented the activation of Nrf2 by DAC alone, and blocked transcriptional activation of Nrf2 downstream antioxidant genes.