Table 2 Cure proportions and years of life lost (YLLs) resulting from flexible parametric cure model.

From: ‘Potentially curative therapies’ for hepatocellular carcinoma: how many patients can actually be cured?

Variables

Proportion cured (95% C.I.)

p

Median age (IQR)

Median YLL (IQR)

p

Age

  <60 years

19.0% (15.7, 22.7)

Ref.

52 (47, 56)

23.7 (21.1, 27.7)

Ref.

  60–70 years

17.4% (13.9, 21.3)

0.470

65 (62, 68)

15.4 (13.1, 17.2)

0.001

  71–80 years

17.2% (12.6, 22.5)

0.510

74 (72, 77)

9.4 (7.8, 10.6)

0.001

  >80 years

23.4% (10.6, 39.3)

0.555

83 (81, 85)

4.4 (3.5, 4.9)

0.001

Gender

  Male

16.9% (14.2, 19.8)

Ref.

61 (53, 69)

17.4 (12.1, 22.7)

Ref.

  Female

23.0% (18.2, 28.1)

0.014

65 (56, 73)

16.6 (11.3, 22.7)

0.144

Year of diagnosis

  2004–2008

14.7% (10.2, 20.2)

Ref.

62 (53, 69)

18.7 (13.6, 25.3)

Ref.

  2009–2013

17.5% (14.3, 21.1)

0.346

61 (52, 69)

18.0 (12.5, 23.9)

0.206

  2014–2018

20.5% (16.8, 24.4)

0.056

62 (54, 70)

16.1 (11.4, 21.7)

0.001

Hepatitis B

  Negative

20.1% (16.8, 23.6)

Ref.

67 (59, 73)

14.7 (10.2, 19.9)

Ref.

  Positive

16.1% (13.0, 19.5)

0.043

57 (50, 65)

20.0 (15.0, 25.1)

0.001

Hepatitis C

  Negative

19.3% (16.4, 22.3)

Ref.

61 (52, 69)

17.2 (12.3, 23.5)

Ref.

  Positive

14.4% (10.6, 18.8)

0.033

64 (57, 74)

16.6 (10.2, 22.4)

0.001

Alcohol

  Negative

18.6% (15.9, 21.6)

Ref.

61 (53, 70)

17.6 (12.0, 23.4)

Ref.

  Positive

15.8% (10.9, 21.6)

0.323

65 (58, 69)

15.5 (12.1, 20.4)

0.002

ALBI grade

  1

23.8% (19.8, 28.0)

Ref.

60 (51, 69)

16.5 (11.7, 22.6)

Ref.

  2

14.8% (12.0, 18.0)

0.001

63 (56, 71)

17.0 (12.2, 22.9)

0.573

  3

12.0% (6.8, 18.9)

0.003

61 (53, 69)

20.0 (13.5, 25.4)

0.002

Ablation technique

  RFA

18.5% (15.8, 21.5)

Ref.

61 (53, 69)

17.6 (12.2, 23.4)

Ref.

  MWA

16.7% (11.7, 22.3)

0.498

67 (59, 71)

15.7 (11.5, 20.2)

0.001

Largest tumour size

  <2 cm

26.9% (21.7, 32.3)

Ref.

62 (53, 70)

15.1 (10.6, 20.9)

Ref.

  2–3 cm

19.2% (15.8, 23.0)

0.007

61 (54, 70)

17.4 (12.0, 22.5)

0.006

  3.1–5 cm

12.7% (9.5, 16.4)

0.001

63 (55, 70)

17.5 (12.5, 23.8)

0.001

  >5 cm

4.6% (1.9, 9.4)

0.001

56 (48, 67)

23.7 (16.2, 31.2)

0.001

Tumour number

  Single

20.8% (17.8, 24.0)

Ref.

62 (53, 70)

16.7 (11.8, 22.4)

Ref.

  2 or 3 nodules

11.5% (8.1, 15.5)

0.001

62 (55, 70)

18.3 (12.2, 24.2)

0.037

  4+ nodules

2.5% (0.7, 6.3)

0.001

63 (57, 69)

19.5 (14.6, 24.6)

0.012

Very-early stage

  Within

30.9% (24.9, 37.1)

Ref.

61 (53, 70)

14.5 (9.9, 20.4)

Ref.

  Beyond

15.4% (12.8, 18.2)

0.001

62 (54, 70)

17.7 (12.3, 23.7)

0.001

Milan criteria

  Within

20.7% (17.7, 23.8)

Ref.

62 (54, 70)

16.5 (11.5, 22.2)

Ref.

  Beyond

5.2% (3.0, 8.1)

0.001

60 (52, 68)

20.8 (14.5, 26.9)

0.001

  1. Variables affecting cure proportion entered into the multivariable flexible parametric model. Variables affecting YLLs were used through the generalised linear model to produce approximated YLLs values. Very-early stage and Milan criteria were not entered in the models because their components (size and number) were already retained.
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