Table 5 Multivariable relative risks for subsequent primary meningiomas for survivors of CNS tumours and leukaemia.

Factor	Exposure	CNS tumour	Leukaemia
		RR (95% CI)^a	RR (95% CI)^a
Cranial radiotherapy^b	No	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)
	Yes	13.0 (6.7–25.4)	5.4 (2.9–9.9)
	Unknown	6.7 (3.2–14.2)	3.0 (1.5–6.1)
	P_{heterogeneity}	<0.001	<0.001
Sex^c	Males	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)
Sex^c	Females	1.2 (1.0–1.5)	1.4 (1.1–1.7)
	P_{heterogeneity}	0.13	0.01
Era of childhood cancer diagnosis^d	<1970	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)
	1970–1979	1.3 (1.0–1.7)	9.2 (2.3–37.2)
	1980–1989	1.6 (1.2–2.2)	7.3 (1.8–29.8)
	1990–2008	1.9 (1.2–3.0)	2.1 (0.5–9.7)
	P_{heterogeneity}	<0.001	0.001
Age at childhood cancer diagnosis^e	0–4 years	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)
	5–9 years	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.9 (0.7–1.2)
	10–14 years	0.6 (0.5–0.9)	0.5 (0.3–0.7)
	15–20 years	0.5 (0.4–0.7)	0.2 (0.1–0.3)
	P_trend	<0.001	<0.001
Attained age^f	<20 years	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)
	20–29 years	3.2 (2.1–4.9)	7.6 (4.6–12.6)
	30–39 years	6.9 (4.4–10.8)	22.3 (13.4–37.1)
	40+ years	10.2 (6.3–16.5)	33.6 (18.9–59.8)
	P_trend	<0.001	<0.001

CNS central nervous system, RR relative risk, CI confidence interval.
^aFor each exposure factor a separate multivariable Poisson regression model was employed with a different set of confounders included. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was used to guide the choice of potential set of confounders to include in each Poisson regression model (see: dagitty.net/mrsMx0N). The factor ‘country’ was incorporated in each Poisson regression model as a random effect.
^bAdjusted for: age at diagnosis, attained age.
^cAdjusted for: no adjustments.
^dAdjusted for: attained age.
^eAdjusted for: attained age.
^fAdjusted for: era of childhood cancer, age at diagnosis.

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