Table 4 Trends in relative risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in relation to solar ultraviolet radiation exposure.

From: Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, and incidence of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a US population-based dataset

Subgroup

Cases/Population-years

Ultraviolet cumulative radiant exposure

Ultraviolet irradiance

Fully-adjusted

Adjusted without demographic/socioeconomic variables

Fully-adjusted

Adjusted without demographic/socioeconomic variables

Relative risk/MJ cm−2 (+95% CI)

p-value

Relative risk/MJ cm−2 (+95% CI)

p-value

Relative risk/mW cm−2 (+95% CI)

p-value

Relative risk/mW cm−2 (+95% CI)

p-value

White non-Hispanic, malea

2836/204,598,773

0.219 (0.079, 0.604)

0.0033

0.229 (0.086, 0.609)

0.0031

0.624 (0.402, 0.967)

0.0348

0.637 (0.417, 0.971)

0.0358

White non-Hispanic, femalea

1329/194,196,490

0.306 (0.086, 1.084)

0.0666

0.384 (0.114, 1.279)

0.1191

0.528 (0.298, 0.934)

0.0282

0.586 (0.340, 1.009)

0.0537

Black non-Hispanic, malea

662/57,845,212

0.200 (0.018, 2.193)

0.1884

0.110 (0.012, 1.031)

0.0533

0.437 (0.147, 1.280)

0.1314

0.331 (0.121, 0.899)

0.0301

Black non-Hispanic, femalea

382/55,990,357

0.821 (0.020, 31.54)

0.9163

0.260 (0.012, 5.638)

0.3925

1.285 (0.247, 6.501)

0.7637

0.739 (0.191, 2.824)

0.6591

Hispanic, malea

1434/133,570,992

0.104 (0.028, 0.388)

0.0008

0.084 (0.025, 0.283)

<0.0001

0.425 (0.245, 0.738)

0.0024

0.386 (0.233, 0.642)

0.0003

Hispanic, femalea

794/127,726,470

1.089 (0.280, 4.280)

0.9025

0.659 (0.193, 2.277)

0.5088

0.988 (0.555, 1.763)

0.9672

0.787 (0.468, 1.329)

0.3695

Asian/ Pacific Islander, malea

405/29,356,706

2.527 (0.383, 16.935)

0.3366

3.736 (0.683, 20.80)

0.1290

1.922 (0.868, 4.273)

0.1074

2.229 (1.094, 4.569)

0.0271

Asian/ Pacific Islander, femalea

220/28,139,805

15.94 (2.092, 123.7)

0.0074

10.18 (1.626, 65.33)

0.0130

2.774 (1.115, 6.936)

0.0282

2.274 (1.004, 5.187)

0.0488

Total (white + black non-Hispanic, Hispanic, Asian/ Pacific Islanders)b

8062/831,424,805

0.284 (0.166, 0.485)

<0.0001

0.266 (0.160, 0.440)

<0.0001

0.646 (0.512, 0.816)

0.0002

0.624 (0.501, 0.778)

<0.0001

Alternative measure of irradiance used by Coste et al. [21]

Relative risk/100 J/cm2/day

p-value

Relative risk/100 J/cm2/day

p-value

0.603 (0.461, 0.790)

0.0002

0.580 (0.450, 0.747)

<0.0001

  1. aFully-adjusted models for age (10 group factor variable), median rent, calendar year, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP); models without demographic/socioeconomic adjustments adjust only for age and calendar year.
  2. bFully-adjusted models for age (10 group factor variable), sex, racial/ethnic group (4 group factor variable), median rent, calendar year, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), age × sex, racial/ethnic group × sex; models without demographic/socioeconomic adjustments adjust only for age, sex, racial/ethnic group, calendar year, age × sex, racial/ethnic group × sex.
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