Table 4 Odds of curative treatment in HCC patients by route to diagnosis.

From: Routes to diagnosis for hepatocellular carcinoma patients: predictors and associations with treatment and mortality

  

Emergency

GP referral

Other outpatient

Two week wait

Inpatient elective

Unknown

p for difference

N

OR

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

 

Univariate

23,463

1.00 (ref)

3.90 (3.56–4.27)

5.64 (5.11–6.22)

1.91 (1.68–2.17)

3.86 (2.98–5.00)

1.92 (1.58–2.32)

<0.001

Full modela

23,460

1.00 (ref)

3.21 (2.92–3.53)

4.16 (3.75–4.62)

2.10 (1.83–2.40)

3.28 (2.49–4.32)

1.77 (1.44–2.16)

<0.001

Sensitivity Analyses

Full model. excluding those that died in the first 90 days

14,959

1.00 (ref)

1.79 (1.61–1.99)

2.29 (2.05–2.57)

1.22 (1.05–1.41)

2.17 (1.60–2.95)

1.07 (0.86–1.32)

<0.001

Full model, those with TNM stage only

6,531

1.00 (ref)

3.15 (2.64–3.76)

4.32 (3.54–5.27)

1.75 (1.39–2.21)

2.68 (1.62–4.44)

2.10 (1.51–2.93)

<0.001

Full model plus adjustment for TNM stage

6,531

1.00 (ref)

2.18 (1.78–2.66)

2.94 (2.34–3.68)

1.78 (1.36–2.31)

2.03 (1.13–3.62)

1.50 (1.04–2.18)

<0.001

Stratified by Cirrhosis stage

    None/not known

10,002

1.00 (ref)

4.88 (4.07–5.85)

6.05 (4.95–7.39)

3.21 (2.60–3.96)

3.96 (2.56–6.13)

1.96 (1.41–2.73)

<0.001

    Compensated

7,657

1.00 (ref)

2.84 (2.44–3.31)

3.73 (3.17–4.40)

1.66 (1.31–2.11)

4.41 (2.82–6.90)

1.95 (1.44–2.65)

<0.001

    Decompensated

5,801

1.00 (ref)

2.20 (1.82–2.67)

3.05 (2.50–3.73)

0.77 (0.42–1.42)

1.57 (0.74–3.33)

1.48 (0.85–2.55)

<0.001

Stratified by primary liver disease

    Autoimmune hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis

719

1.00 (ref)

1.96 (1.20–3.20)

2.10 (1.28–3.44)

0.89 (0.24–3.24)

5.21 (0.59–46.02)

1.56 (0.55–4.39)

0.0324

    Alcohol-related liver disease

4,861

1.00 (ref)

2.70 (2.23–3.27)

3.23 (2.62–3.97)

1.74 (1.25–2.42)

2.36 (1.27–4.41)

1.45 (0.91–2.33)

<0.001

    Haemochromatosis

672

1.00 (ref)

4.90 (2.74–8.76)

6.21 (3.38–11.40)

1.53 (0.64–3.65)

3.17 (0.69–14.55)

0.63 (0.13–3.08)

<0.001

    Hepatitis B

847

1.00 (ref)

3.84 (2.45–6.02)

6.86 (4.33–10.87)

1.88 (0.85–4.14)

2.18 (0.74–6.43)

3.12 (1.19–8.16)

<0.001

    Hepatitis C

3,103

1.00 (ref)

2.00 (1.63–2.47)

2.93 (2.36–3.65)

0.91 (0.56–1.49)

4.49 (2.21–9.12)

1.31 (0.83–2.08)

<0.001

    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

3,554

1.00 (ref)

4.02 (3.08–5.24)

4.70 (3.50–6.32)

2.49 (1.75–3.56)

5.28 (2.55–10.92)

3.64 (2.12–6.25)

<0.001

    Other/unknown/none

9,704

1.00 (ref)

4.60 (3.79–5.58)

6.01 (4.85–7.45)

3.25 (2.61–4.05)

3.40 (2.10–5.49)

1.66 (1.18–2.34)

<0.001

Stratified by age

    <65 years

7,777

1.00 (ref)

2.33 (2.03–2.68)

3.10 (2.67–3.59)

1.72 (1.37–2.17)

2.64 (1.80–3.87)

1.41 (1.07–1.87)

<0.001

    ≥65 years

15,683

1.00 (ref)

4.11 (3.58–4.72)

5.36 (4.61–6.24)

2.41 (2.01–2.89)

4.04 (2.72–6.00)

2.13 (1.59–2.85)

<0.001

  1. OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval.
  2. Bold represents main results (the full model).
  3. aAdjusted for age, gender, year of diagnosis, deprivation quintile, ethnicity, Charlson score, cirrhosis, and underlying primary liver disease.
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