Fig. 2: Strategic approaches for overcoming immune evasion mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) involve transforming the immune cold tumour microenvironment (TME) into an immune hot TME.

Additionally, efforts focus on converting immunosuppressive, pro-tumour TME into an effective, anti-tumour immune hot TME. Treg regulatory T cell, NK cell natural killer cell, cDC conventional dendritic cell, pDC plasmacytoid dendritic cell, CAR T chimeric antigen receptor T cell, TCR T T cell receptor T cell.