Table 3 Uni- and multivariable analyses of treatment-free survival with patient characteristics at prostate cancer diagnosis, which include Gleason grade group based on routine Gleason scores.

From: DNA ploidy and PTEN as biomarkers for predicting aggressive disease in prostate cancer patients under active surveillance

Variable

Group

 

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis including patients diagnosed using biopsya

Multivariable analysis including patients diagnosed using biopsy or TURPb

  

N

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

Combined DNA ploidy and PTEN

DPP-normal vs. DPP-aberrant

432

2.12 (1.58-2.85)

<0.0001

2.02 (1.46–2.81)

<0.0001

1.94 (1.42-2.67)

<0.0001

PSA

 

558

 

0.0004

 

0.017

 

0.028

 

≤6 ng/ml

237

ref.

 

ref.

 

ref.

 
 

>6 ng/ml and ≤10 ng/ml

228

1.66 (1.24-2.22)

 

1.39 (0.96–2.02)

 

1.43 (1.00–2.04)

 
 

>10 ng/ml and ≤20 ng/ml

93

1.86 (1.27-2.72)

 

2.34 (1.31–4.20)

 

2.11 (1.20–3.71)

 

Prostate volume

10-ml increment

506

0.85 (0.78-0.92)

<0.0001

0.82 (0.73–0.91)

0.0004

0.83 (0.75-0.93)

0.0006

PSA density

0.1-ng/ml/ml increment

506

1.11 (1.06-1.16)

<0.0001

0.98 (0.86–1.11)

0.7

0.99 (0.89-1.10)

0.86

Gleason grade groupc

2 vs 1

558

2.41 (1.85-3.15)

<0.0001

2.28 (1.65–3.15)

<0.0001

2.30 (1.69-3.14)

<0.0001

Clinical T stage

cT2 vs cT0/1

558

1.42 (1.07-1.89)

0.016

1.22 (0.89–1.69)

0.22

1.27 (0.93–1.75)

0.14

Procedure type

Biopsy vs TURP

558

4.16 (2.42-7.15)

<0.0001

omitted

 

3.52 (1.87-6.64)

0.0001

Number of positive biopsy cores

1 increment

455

1.21 (1.12–1.31)

<0.0001

1.14 (1.04–1.26)

0.0054

omitted

 

Age

10-year increment

558

1.10 (0.89-1.38)

0.38

    
  1. CI confidence interval, DPP normal DNA ploidy and PTEN “normal”, DPP-aberrant DNA ploidy and/or PTEN “aberrant”, HR hazard ratio, PSA prostate-specific antigen, TURP transurethral resection of the prostate. Values in bold are statistically significant at p = 0.05.
  2. aOf the 558 patients, 339 (172 treated and 167 not treated) had complete data and were included in the multivariable analysis.
  3. bOf the 558 patients, 400 (183 treated and 217 not treated) had complete data and were included in the multivariable analysis.
  4. cRoutine Gleason scoring performed according to the 2005 or 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology guidelines.
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