Table 1 The characteristics of pancreatic cancer patients and healthy controls in the training and validation cohorts and the p-value of pancreatic cancers vs. healthy controls in each cohort.
Training | Validation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
PC | HC | PC | HC | |
Total [no.] | 92 | 93 | 120 | 120 |
Sex | ||||
Male [no.] | 57 | 51 | 73 | 55 |
Female [no.] | 35 | 42 | 47 | 65 |
P-value (PC vs HC) | 0.405b | 0.028b | ||
Age | ||||
Median (range) [year] | 74 (31–92) | 62 (40–88) | 72.5 (38–86) | 61.5 (40–86) |
P-value (PC vs HC) | <0.001a | <0.001a | ||
History of smoking | ||||
Current [no.] | 18 | 12 | 17 | 10 |
Former [no.] | 36 | 26 | 53 | 36 |
Never [no.] | 38 | 55 | 50 | 74 |
P-value (PC vs HC) | 0.052b | 0.008b | ||
Drinking habits | ||||
Everyday [no.] | 16 | 13 | 33 | 26 |
Sometimes [no.] | 16 | 36 | 26 | 37 |
Non [no.] | 60 | 44 | 60 | 57 |
NA [no.] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
P-value (PC vs HC) | 0.005b | 0.244b | ||
Diabetes mellitus | ||||
No [no.] | 60 | 78 | 73 | 102 |
Yes [no.] | 32 | 15 | 47 | 18 |
P-value (PC vs HC) | 0.006b | <0.001b | ||
CA19-9 | ||||
Median (range) [U/mL] | 156.8 (0.4–6.8 × 104) | 4.9 (2.0–77.1) | 83.3 (0.6–1.2 × 105) | 4.7 (2.0–38.1) |
NA [no.] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
P-value (PC vs HC) | 0.019a | 0.013a | ||
CEA | ||||
Median (range) [ng/mL] | 3.5 (0.7–3.1 × 102) | 1.7 (0.6–9.1) | 3.9 (0.6–1.7 × 103) | 1.7 (0.6–47) |
NA [no.] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
P-value (PC vs HC) | 0.024a | 0.087a | ||
DUPAN-2 | ||||
Median (range) [U/mL] | 115 (25–1.4 × 105) | 25 (25–92) | 152.2 (25–3.1 × 107) | 25 (25–98) |
NA [no.] | 14 | 0 | 20 | 4 |
P-value (PC vs HC) | 0.046a | 0.317a | ||
Stage (asymptomatic, symptomatic, NA) [no.] | ||||
0 | 5 (4, 1, 0) | - | 6 (5, 1, 0) | - |
I | 11 (5, 3, 3) | - | 24 (16, 5, 3) | - |
II | 40 (3, 8, 29) | - | 30 (1, 4, 25) | - |
III | 11 (2, 0, 9) | - | 30 (2, 3, 25) | - |
IV | 25 (2, 5, 18) | - | 30 (2, 6, 22) | - |
