Table 3 Histone Methylation in HCC.
Histone methylated | Histone methyltransferase | Effect on gene transcription | Molecular mechanism | Potential implications in HCC | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H3K27me1–3 | PRC2 | Repression | •Repression of miR-622 expression, leading to overexpression of CXCR4 •Repression of miR-139-5p, miR-125b, miR-101, let-7c, and miR-200b, resulting in overexpression of proto-oncogenes | •Increased tumor size •Vascular invasion •Reduced overall survival •Reduced recurrence-free survival after surgery | Liu et al. [55] Kusakabe et al. [56] |
H3K4me3 | SET7 / 9 | Activation | •Upregulation of proto-oncogenes e.g., MYC, CTNNB1, STAT3, MYD88, ERBB3, ARHGAP5, PLCG1 •Overexpression of S1PR1, leading to upregulated AKT, STAT3, and MAPK signaling pathways •Upregulation of CDK2 and MMP2 | •HCC proliferation •Metastasis •Reduced overall survival | Hamamoto et al. [57] Sarris et al. [58] Zhang et al. [59] Wang et al. [60] Liu et al. [42] |
H3K9me1–2 | G9a | Repression | •Suppression of RARRES3 •Suppression of Bcl-G, which inhibit p53-mediated apoptosis | •HCC proliferation •Reduced overall survival | Wei et al. [61] Nakatsuka et al. [62] Bárcena-Varela et al. [76] |
H3K9me3 | SUV39H1/2 | Repression | •Suppression of CDKN2A | Expression of H3K9me3 correlate with recurrence rate and progression | Chiba et al. [77] |
H4K20me1 | SET8 | Activation | •Upregulation of Wnt signaling pathway •Upregulation of VEGF | •HCC proliferation •Metastasis •Angiogenesis | Wu et al. [63] |
H3K36me3 | SMYD5 | Activation | •Upregulation of Ras and Wnt signaling pathways | •HCC tumorigenesis •Reduced overall survival | Zhang et al. [64] |
