Table 2 Associations of ten selected metabolic biomarkers with colorectal cancer risk, the UK Biobank cohorta

From: Blood metabolic biomarkers and colorectal cancer risk: results from large prospective cohort and Mendelian randomisation analyses

Metabolic biomarker

HRb (95%CI)

P-value

HRc (95%CI)

P-value

Triglycerides to Phosphoglycerides (ratio)

1.09 (1.04–1.13)

7.19  ×  10−5

1.08 (1.04–1.13)

2.43 × 10−4

Linoleic Acid to Total Fatty Acids (%)

0.90 (0.86–0.94)

5.17 × 10−7

0.91 (0.87–0.95)

2.55 × 10−5

Saturated Fatty Acids to Total Fatty Acids (%)

1.10 (1.06–1.14)

1.51 × 10−6

1.08 (1.04–1.13)

7.49 × 10−5

Omega−6 Fatty Acids to Total Fatty Acids (%)

0.91 (0.87–0.95)

2.87 × 10−6

0.92 (0.89–0.96)

1.00 × 10−4

Glycoprotein Acetyls (mmol/L)

1.09 (1.05–1.13)

3.18 × 10−5

1.08 (1.03–1.12)

2.95 × 10−4

3-Hydroxybutyrate (mmol/L)

1.06 (1.03–1.10)

7.82 × 10−5

1.06 (1.03–1.09)

2.16 × 10−4

Concentration of Chylomicrons and Extremely Large VLDL Particles (mmol/L)

1.08 (1.04–1.12)

8.15 × 10−5

1.07 (1.03–1.11)

5.82 × 10−4

Triglycerides in Chylomicrons and Extremely Large VLDL (mmol/L)

1.08 (1.04–1.12)

4.13 × 10−5

1.07 (1.03–1.11)

3.44 × 10−4

Cholesterol to Total Lipids in Small LDL (%)

0.93 (0.90–0.96)

7.46 × 10−6

0.93 (0.90–0.96)

1.19 × 10−5

Triglycerides to Total Lipids in IDL (%)

1.07 (1.03–1.12)

5.01 × 10−4

1.07 (1.02–1.11)

2.00 × 10−3

  1. CI confidence interval; CRC colorectal cancer; HR hazard ratio; IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein; LDL low-density lipoprotein; SD standard deviation; VLDL very low-density lipoprotein.
  2. aBiomarkers presented in the table were selected by the final backward stepwise Cox model (P-value < 0.10).
  3. bHRs and 95% CIs for 1-SD increase in biomarker levels were estimated using the base Cox model with the age as the time scale, adjusting for sex, race, educational attainment, fasting time, self-reported cholesterol-lowering medication use, and CRC family history and CRC screening history.
  4. cThe full Cox model was additionally adjusted for alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, fruit/vegetables intake, and processed/red meat intake.
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