Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between invasive breast cancer and mean exposure to PM2.5 and PM10a by grade of differentiation, stage, histology subtype and hormone receptor status of the tumor.

From: Long-term atmospheric exposure to particulate matter and breast cancer risk: findings from a nested case-control study in France

  

PM2.5 mean exposure

PM10 mean exposure

 

Matched cases/controlsb

Adjusted ORc (95% CI)

Adjusted ORc (95% CI)

Grade

 Grade 1

614/614

1.24 (0.84–1.83)

1.14 (0.89–1.48)

 Grade 2

1483/1483

1.01 (0.78–1.30)

0.98 (0.84–1.16)

 Grade 3

2067/2067

1.09 (0.87–1.35)

1.09 (0.94–1.26)

Stage

 Stage I

2919/2919

1.24 (1.03–1.49)

1.15 (1.02–1.30)

 Stage II

1412/1412

1.10 (0.85–1.42)

1.05 (0.89–1.25)

 Stage III and Stage IVd

402/402

0.76 (0.47–1.22)

0.82 (0.60–1.11)

Histology subtypes

 Invasive ductal

3568/3568

1.15 (0.97–1.36)

1.09 (0.97–1.22)

 Invasive lobular

828/828

0.92 (0.66-1.27)

0.91 (0.73–1.14)

 Invasive tubular

141/141

1.07 (0.48–2.37)

1.15 (0.66–2.00)

 Invasive ductal and lobular

123/123

2.74 (1.05–7.15)

2.05 (1.11–3.78)

Hormone receptor status

 ER+

3405/3405

1.17 (0.98–1.39)

1.08 (0.96–1.21)

 ER-

760/760

1.04 (0.71–1.51)

1.06 (0.82–1.35)

 PR+

2602/2602

1.15 (0.94–1.40)

1.06 (0.92–1.21)

 PR-

1439/1439

1.07 (0.82–1.39)

1.04 (0.88–1.24)

 ER + /PR+

2459/2459

1.13 (0.92–1.39)

1.04 (0.91–1.20)

 ER-/PR-

612/612

0.90 (0.59–1.38)

0.97 (0.73–1.28)

 ER + /PR-

825/825

1.18 (0.84–1.65)

1.08 (0.87–1.36)

 ER-/PR+

140/140

1.48 (0.63–3.52)

1.32 (0.75–2.32)

  1. XENAIR case-control study nested in the E3N-Generation cohort, France, 1990–2011.
  2. OR: Odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals; PM2.5: particulate matters with a diameter <2.5 µm; PM10: particulate matters with a diameter <10 µm
  3. ORs (95% CI) correspond to a mean exposure increment of 10 µg/m3.
  4. Data were missing for grade (n = 1058), stage (n = 489) and histology subtype (n = 281).
  5. aExposure to PM was estimated using a LUR model.
  6. bThe sum does not add up to the total because the matching pairs were maintained.
  7. cAdjusted for level of education and urban/rural status at inclusion.
  8. dStage III and stage IV were considered together because only one woman had stage IV cancer.
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