Fig. 4: Depletion of cellular ATP and inhibition of glycolysis by AF

a A549 and NCI-H460 cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of AF for 6 h, and intracellular ATP levels were measured. b A549 cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of AF for 6 h. Cellular proteins were then extracted and used for assay of hexokinase enzyme activity. c Purified hexokinase enzyme was pre-incubated with various concentrations of AF for 10 min, and the enzyme activity was then measured. d, e Inhibition of glucose uptake and lactate production by AF. A549 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of AF in fresh medium for 12 h. The culture media from each sample was then collected for analysis of glucose and lactate. Each bar represents mean ± SD of three separate measurements; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01