Fig. 3: Total ROS production (as detected by microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence) in resting and ECNs-stimulated (24 h) A549 (Panel A) and BV-2 (Panel B) cells.

Carnosine and N-acetyl-L-histidine (N-Ac-Histidine) (10 mM) are pre-treatments (1 h). Data are the mean of 4 independent experiments and are expressed as the percent variation with respect to the total ROS production recorded in control cultures. Standard deviations are represented by vertical bars. *Significantly different from resting (control) cells, p < 0.001; **Significantly different from resting (control) cells, p < 0.01; ***Significantly different from ECNs-treated cells, p < 0.01; ****Significantly different from ECNs-treated cells, p < 0.001