Table 4 Effect of 24 h of incubation of alveolar basal epithelial A549 and microglial BV-2 cells with engineered carbon nanodiamonds (ECNs) on GSH and parameters related to oxidative (MDA) and nitrosative stress (nitrite, nitrate)

From: Non-toxic engineered carbon nanodiamond concentrations induce oxidative/nitrosative stress, imbalance of energy metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction in microglial and alveolar basal epithelial cells

 

GSH (nmol/mg protein)

MDA (nmol/mg protein)

Nitrite (nmol/mg protein)

Nitrate (nmol/mg protein)

Resting A549

0.49 (0.09)

0.008 (0.002)

0.04 (0.01)

6.57 (0.85)

A549 + ECNs

0.20* (0.04)

0.025* (0.008)

0.17* (0.05)

10.66* (1.89)

Resting BV-2

0.38 (0.06)

0.010 (0.003)

0.11 (0.03)

12.52 (5.77)

BV-2 + ECNs

0.15* (0.05)

0.031* (0.007)

0.31* (0.07)

22.91* (7.06)

  1. Values are the mean of four different experiments. Standard deviations are in parenthesis. Incubation conditions and HPLC method to separate simultaneously the indicated compounds are given in Materials and methods
  2. ECNs engineered carbon nanodiamonds, GSH reduced glutathione, MDA malondialdehyde
  3. *Significantly different from resting, p < 0.001.
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