Fig. 1: BZM induces cytoprotective autophagy.

a Chemical structure of Bortezomib (BZM). b BZM illustrated higher cytotoxicity in autophagy-deficient Atg7 MEF model cells. The percentage of viability was performed by cell cytotoxicity assay. Data are mean (n = 3) ± S.D. c, d BZM induced autophagy in H1975 and A549 lung cancer cell lines, respectively. Cells were treated with BZM [100 nM] for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. Representative immunoblots and the LC3-II conversion quantification (n = 3). Data are mean ± S.D. ***P ≤ 0.001, one-way ANOVA analysis