Fig. 3: Modulation of autophagy in TMZ-induced cell death: autophagy inhibition by QN. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 3: Modulation of autophagy in TMZ-induced cell death: autophagy inhibition by QN.

From: Inhibition of autophagy increases susceptibility of glioblastoma stem cells to temozolomide by igniting ferroptosis

Fig. 3: Modulation of autophagy in TMZ-induced cell death: autophagy inhibition by QN.

a FACS analysis after staining with calcein-AM (which is retained in the cytoplasm of live cells) of GSC#1 and GSC#163 untreated or treated 96 h with 450 μM TMZ, 5 μM QN or their association. Values in ordinate represent the percentage of calcein-positive cells. Results, obtained from four independent experiments performed in duplicate, were reported as means ± SD. b Western blot analysis using anti-LC3 and anti-SQSTM1 (p62) antibodies of GSC#1 and GSC#163 untreated (control) or treated with TMZ, QN, or their association. Loading control was evaluated using an anti-actin antibody. A representative experiment among three is shown. Bar graphs on the right show densitometric analysis. Results represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. c Flow cytometry analysis of autophagy in GSC#1 and GSC#163 performed with a Cyto-ID Autophagy Detection kit. A representative experiment among three is shown. On the right, bar graph showing results obtained from three independent experiments and reported as means ± SD. (*) and (**) indicate p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively, vs. TMZ-treated cells

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