Fig. 3: Prevascularization of TEBGs promoted proliferation and differentiation of seed cells.

Image was the center region of transection. Double-immunofluorescence images of BMSCs (green) and Osterix (red; a) or vWF (red; b) from TEBG sections, scale bar = 50 μm. White arrows represent double-positive staining cells. Hoechst33342 stained the nuclei blue. a, c Seeding cells continued to survive after implantation, and the number of seeding cells reached the peak at 4 weeks. c The number of GFP⁺ cells per area (10⁵ μm²), n = 10. d Percentage of Osterix⁺ cells overlapped with GFP⁺ cells, n = 10. e Percentage of vWF⁺ cells overlapped with GFP⁺ cells, n = 10. Data are represented as the mean ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 as determined by Student’s t-tests