Fig. 4: Chloroquine pretreatment downregulates CCl4-induced hepatic HMGB1 expression and serum levels.

a Western blotting analysis of HMGB1 protein expression in the liver tissue of mice from the vehicle and chloroquine (CQ) pretreated CCl4 groups (n = 4). b Serum HMGB1 levels measured by ELISA in mice from the vehicle and CQ pre-treatment groups (n = 8) at 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, compared with the control group; #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01, compared with the CCl4 + vehicle group. c Representative immunohistochemical results of hepatocytic HMGB1 protein expression at 24 h (n = 4). Bar = 50 μm