Fig. 3: Syndecan ectodomains inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vivo.

a Osteoclast formation in calvaria. Histological sections of the calvarial bone from mice injected with PBS (control) or syndecan-1 to 4 ectodomains (mSDC1ED to mSDC4ED) were stained for TRAP (left panel) and the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts [TRAP(+) MNCs] was counted (right panel). Arrows indicate TRAP(+) OCs. b Bone cavity in calvaria. H&E-stained calvarial bone sections were photographed (left panel) and the area of bone cavity was quantified to evaluate osteoclastic bone resorption (right panel). Scale bar, 100 μm. Results represent the means ± SD (n = 4 as in a; n = 5 as in b). The p value indicates the comparison between the treatment group and control. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01