Fig. 1: Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) high expression is associated with poor prognosis in human cancers.

Relative levels of GLS1 mRNA from microarray analysis (normalized log2 ratios) of primary tumor samples relative to adjacent normal tissue from cancer patients (the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database) are shown. a Light blue, samples from normal colorectal tissue (n = 50); Dark blue, samples from colorectal adenocarcinomas (n = 383), p < 0.0001. b Light blue, samples from normal esophageal tissue (n = 13); Dark blue, samples from esophageal carcinomas (n = 185), p < 0.0001. c Light blue, samples from normal stomach tissue (n = 37); Dark blue, samples from stomach adenocarcinomas (n = 384), p = 0.0025. d Light blue, samples from normal liver tissue (n = 50); Dark blue, samples from liver hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 373), p < 0.0001. e Light blue, samples from normal head and neck tissue (n = 43); Dark blue, samples from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (n = 521), p < 0.0001. Mann–Whitney U-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post-test for multiple comparisons was used to determine p-values. f–j Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to analyze the association of GLS1 mRNA levels in the primary tumor with the probability of overall survival (f, gastric carcinoma, n = 876, p = 0.015; g, ovarian carcinoma, n = 1656, p = 0.0076; h colorectal carcinoma, n = 986, p = 0.0017; i, low-grade glioma, n = 514, p = 0.0054) or disease free survival (j, lung squamous cell carcinoma, n = 482, p = 0.026) using the KM plotter, NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus or GEPIA database. Low = patients with GLS1 mRNA levels less than the median. High = patients with GLS1 mRNA levels greater than the median. Statistical analysis was performed using log-rank tests