Fig. 3: Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-8 expression in the matched primary and recurrent GBM patient samples.

a Representative immunohistochemical staining for IL-8 in the matched primary (P) and recurrent (R) clinical GBM samples. Top row low-powered and bottom row high-powered magnification of IL-8 staining. Scale bar for all top row images 1 mm, all middle row images 5 mm, and for the bottom row images 250 µm. These sets of patient samples show IL-8 upregulation in the matched recurrent tissues. b Same as previous, but this set of patient samples shows a decrease in IL-8 staining for recurrent GBM as compared with their matched primary GBM. c Quantitative analysis of the percent of IL-8 positive cells in the matched primary and recurrent GBM tissue. Representative immunohistochemical analysis of IL-8 expressing (d) tumor cells (left, black arrow) and (e) infiltrative macrophage (right, red arrow)