Fig. 4: JQ1 induces ferroptosis in vitro.

a In combination with Z-VAD-FMK (10 μM), the ferroptosis inhibitor fer-1 (1 μM) inhibited the anticancer effect of JQ1 (10 μM) to a higher degree in the MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T BRCA cell lines and the A549 and H1299 LUAD cell lines. b Representative electron microscopic images and quantification of swollen mitochondria in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and JQ1 groups. Scale bar = 500 nm. The arrows denote mitochondria, and the nucleus is denoted by the letter N. c, d The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (c) and iron (d) were increased with JQ1 (10 μM) treatment in the MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T BRCA cell lines and the A549 LUAD cell line but not in the H1299 cell line. An equal volume of DMSO was used as the control; cell viability and levels of iron and ROS were assessed after the application of the drugs for 24 h. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. The data represent the results of at least three independent experiments