Fig. 6: Rescued sensitivity of vismodegib in LUAD therapy by autophagy depletion through inducing apoptosis, ROS as well as inhibition of GLI2.

a Reduced activity of GLI1 and GLI2 but activated caspase 3 and PARP in vismodegib-treated tumor-bearing mice after autophagy inhibition. b Enhanced activity of caspase 3 after autophagy inhibition. c Increased expression of cleaved caspase 3 in tumor necrotic area. Scale bar = 100 μm. d Production of ROS in LUAD tissue after treatment with vismodegib and chloroquine. Both western blots and ROS detection have been performed for three times