Table 2 EV/EP DNA function by study.
From: Bioactive DNA from extracellular vesicles and particles
Disease model | EV/EP DNA source | Functional mechanism | Molecular changes | Outcomes | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chronic myeloid leukaemia | Tumour cell | HGT of gDNA | ↑ AT-1 expression | ↑ Oncogenesis | |
Coronary artery disease | Plasma | SRY HGT to monocytes and endothelial cells | ↑ CD11a, THP-1, iCAM expression | ↑ Cell adhesion, atherosclerosis | |
N/A | Bone marrow mesenchymal cell | HGT of gDNA | Exogenous DNA expression | N/A | |
Cancer chemotherapy | Enterocyte | Macrophage DNA receptor activation | AIM2 inflammasome activation | Cytokine release, enterocyte inflammation | |
Breast cancer | Cancer-associated fibroblast | HGT of mtDNA | ↑ Oxidative phosphorylation | Escape from metabolic quiescence | |
Malaria | Infected erythrocyte | Monocyte DNA receptor activation | cGAS/STING activation | Innate immune response | |
Cancer radiotherapy | Tumour cell | DC DNA receptor activation | cGAS/STING activation | CD8 + T cell priming | |
Anti-viral immunity | Activated CD8 + T cell | DC DNA receptor activation | cGAS/STING activation | DC anti-viral priming | |
Autism spectrum disorder | Plasma | Unspecified | ↑ IL-1β release | Microglia inflammation | |
Cancer radiotherapy | Fibroblast | Radiation-induced bystander effect | mtDNA damage | gDNA damage of recipient cell | |
Breast cancer | Serum | HGT of HPV DNA | ↑ CD44, IL-6 release | ↑ Tumour aggression | |
Liver cancer | Tumour cell | Oncogenic pathway activation | ↑ JNK, STAT3, BCL-2, TAZ signalling | ↑ Oncogenesis |
