Fig. 4: CASC4 knockdown increases migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells.

a Western blot analysis and quantification of cell lysates from MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 h siRNA knockdown of endogenous CASC4. b Immunofluorescence analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 h siRNA knockdown of endogenous CASC4 stained for CASC4 (white labeling), phalloidin (red labeling) and nucleus stained with DAPI (blue labeling). The ability of MDA-MB-231 cells, after 48 h siRNA knockdown of endogenous CASC4 to migrate (6 h) (c, d) or invade (16 h) (e, f) was assessed by counting the number of cells stained with DAPI on the underside of a polycarbonate membrane under a phase contrast microscope (×20). These results are representative of at least three independent experiments. Error bars indicate averaged values ± standard error from the mean (SEM). P-values: **P < 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001 (two-sided Student’s t-test). Scale: 10 µm.