Fig. 4: BRD9 knockdown suppresses the growth and metastasis of HCC in vivo.

a The subcutaneous tumor formation model was established to evaluate the effect of BRD9 knockdown on HCC growth in nude mice. Tumor volumes were measured every 5 days after subcutaneous injection and compared between HCCLM3 cells with BRD9 knockdown (HCCLM3-BRD9 shRNA) or negative control HCCLM3 cells (HCCLM3-NC shRNA). n = 6, *P < 0.05 by ANOVA. b The tumors formed by HCCLM3-BRD9 shRNA and HCCLM3-NC shRNA cells were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for the proliferation marker Ki67. The percentages of Ki67-positive cells were compared between the two groups. Scale bar: 25 μm. n = five randomly selected fields of six samples, *P < 0.05 by t-test. c A tail-vein injection model was used to evaluate the effect of BRD9 knockdown on the metastasis of HCCLM3 cells in vivo. H&E staining was performed to identify the metastatic nodules of HCC cells in the lungs. Scale bar: 50 μm. n = 6, *P < 0.05 by t-test. d The tumors formed by HCCLM3-BRD9 shRNA and HCCLM3-NC shRNA cells were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for EMT markers, including E-cadherin and vimentin. IHC scores for E-cadherin and vimentin were compared between the two groups. Scale bar: 25 μm. n = five randomly selected fields of six samples, *P < 0.05 by t-test.