Fig. 2: Fisetin induces S-phase arrest and DNA damage of PDAC.

a, b Cell cycle of cells with treatment PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells were treated with fisetin (100, 50 μM) for 48 h, respectively, followed by PI staining and flow cytometry analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3); *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, #ns no significance. c Analyses of DNA damage by observation of the immunofluorescence of γ-H2AX (green) in PDAC cells. PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells were treated with fisetin (100, 50 μM) for 48 h, respectively. The nucleus were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars 10 μm. d Comparative changes in the γ-H2AX spots number in control and treatment groups. The spots were counted by manual scoring. Results are mean ± SD, **P < 0.01. e RNA-sequencing analysis identified 2672 differentially regulated genes (P < 0.05, q < 0.05, fold-change ≥ 2), of which 1136 and 1536 were up- and downregulated, respectively. #Fis fisetin treatment, NC negative control. Yellow and blue indicate high and low expression, respectively. f qRT-PCR detection of targeted genes in the RNA sequencing of PANC-1 cells. The results are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3), *P < 0.05.