Fig. 8: A proposed signalling pathway by which ADT-OH induces cell death in B16F10 cells.

ADT-OH leads to apoptosis of B16F10 cells via FADD-dependent apoptotic pathway. In B16F10 cells, ADT-OH promotes IκBα degradation and inhibits NF-κB activation, thus leading to down-regulate NF-κB-targeted anti-apoptotic genes, such as XIAP, BCL2, to finally induce apoptosis. In addition, ADT-OH can also increase the expression level of intracellular FADD by decreasing the expression level of MKRN1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of FADD, thereby activating caspase 8 in downstream to further induce caspase 3 activation, finally enhancing apoptosis.