Fig. 3: The effects of EPO on T cells.
From: Erythropoietin and its derivatives: from tissue protection to immune regulation

EPO directly promotes the proliferation of Treg but inhibits the expansion of Tconv through the molecular crosstalk with IL-2 pathway. EPO also upregulates TGF-β expression of APC via TPR, which induces Treg differentiation from naïve CD4 T cells. EPO erythropoietin, Treg regulatory T cells, Tconv conventional T cells, APC antigen-presenting cells, TPR tissue-protective receptor.