Fig. 3: Nontoxic OTA decreased the concentration of CsA to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 3: Nontoxic OTA decreased the concentration of CsA to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells.

From: Nontoxic concentration of ochratoxin A decreases the dosage of cyclosporine A to induce chronic nephropathy model via autophagy mediated by toll-like receptor 4

Fig. 3: Nontoxic OTA decreased the concentration of CsA to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were demonstrated by MTT a, c, e, LDH activity b, d, f, cell proliferation g, cell apoptosis h, ROS levels i, and production of GSH j after treatment of OTA or/and CsA for 48 h. All results were expressed as means ± SD (n = 5, N = 3). Significance compared with the control group, *P < 0.05; significance compared with the group of 10 μg/mL CsA, #P < 0.05.

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