Fig. 3: TAM-secreted CCL5 promoted the invasion of prostate cancer cells and the self-renewal of PCSCs.

a, b The reliability of THP1-derived TAMs was validated by analyzing the macrophage surface markers. THP1 monocytes were induced differentiation into macrophages (M0) by 100 ng/ml PMA treatment for 24 h, which were further transformed into M2 phenotype macrophages (TAMs) by 10 ng/ml IL-4 induction for 72 h. c, d The CM of THP1-derived TAMs significantly promoted EMT, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells, while CCL5 NA could partly abrogate that. Scale bars represent 200 μm for wound healing assay images and 50 μm for transwell assay images. e The CM of THP1-derived TAMs significantly promoted the self-renewal of PCSCs, while CCL5 NA could partly abrogate that. All values are presented as the mean ± SD. n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.