Fig. 2: Carnosol inhibits other stimuli-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and also inhibits NLRC4 inflammasome activation.

a, b Western blot analysis of caspase-1 (p20) and IL-1β in supernatants (Sup.) of LPS-primed BMDMs treated with carnosol (10 μM) and then stimulated with ATP, nigericin, poly(I:C), SiO2, poly(dA:dT) and Salmonella or of Pam3CSK4-primed BMDMs treated with carnosol (10 μM) and then stimulated with LPS and Western blot analysis of pro- IL-1β, caspase-1 (p45), NLRP3, and ASC in cell lysates (Lys.). c–h Activity of caspase-1 (c, f), ELISA of IL-1β and TNF-α (d, e, g, h) in Sup. from samples described in a,b. Coomassie blue staining was used as the loading control in the Sup. GAPDH served as a loading control in the Lys. Data are represented as the mean ± SD from at least four biological samples. The significance of the differences was analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. the control, NS: not significant.