Fig. 3: Exposure to hypoxia causes formation of immunoproteasome in MSCs.

Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were incubated in a hypoxia chamber for 24 h. a Western Blot analysis of PA28α (11S), LMP2 (β1i), MECL1 (β2i), and LMP7 (β5i) showed a significant increase in protein levels in hypoxic MSCs compared to normoxic cells; n = 3. b, c Immunofluorescence images displayed a significant increase in the expression of PA28α (11S), LMP2 (β1i), MECL1 (β2i), and LMP7 (β5i) in hypoxic MSCs compared to normoxic cells; n = 4. *p < 0.05 compared to normoxic MSCs. Each experiment was repeated 3–4 times.