Fig. 1: Human cells do not produce IL-1β upon sUA + LPS stimulus, unless they express mNaip1.

A Uric acid levels measured in the serum of humans, mice and rhesus monkeys. IL-1β Elisa of B monocyte-derived macrophages collected from healthy people, C murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and D monocyte-derived macrophages collected from rhesus monkeys, all stimulated under different conditions. In B–D, LPS was added for 1 h at 100 ng/mL and the media were posteriorly changed. MSU (100 μg/mL) and sUA (200 μΜ) were added for 6 h. Each coloured dot represents a different individual. E IL-1β Elisa of BMDM derived from Naip1^−/−, Naip2^−/−, Naip5^−/−, ΔNaip^−/− and Nlrc4^−/− mice under different stimulus. F IL-1β Elisa of human THP1 cells virally transduced with plasmids carrying Naip1, Naip5, Naip6, Nlrc4 and empty vector using lentivirus constructs and posteriorly stimulated under different conditions. In E, F, LPS was added for 1 h at 100 ng/mL and the media were posteriorly changed. sUA (200 μΜ) was added for 6 h and nigericin (10 μΜ) was added for 90 min. In A, n = 5 for each analysed species. Triangle refers to human’s sample, Circle refers to murine’s sample and Square refers to rhesus’ sample. In B, C, we collected cells from eight different individuals; in D, we collected cells from seven different individuals. In E, F, data are plotted as the median of a triplicate of three to four independent experiments. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001; n.s. not significant.