Fig. 3: EC challenge and oral tolerance induction elicited immune microenvironmental changes in the small intestine.

A mRNA expression of Il1b, Il6, Tnf, Il17a, Il25, Il33, Il13, Cldn4, Mcpt1, Ccr3, Prg2, Ccl11, and Ccl5 in the small intestine of the indicated mice. All data are representative of two independent experiments. The graphs show the mean ± SD values. *P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA for Il1b, Tnf, Il17a, and Cldn4; Kruskal–Wallis test for Il6, Ccr3, Prg2, and Ccl5). B and C shows relative abundance at the phylum B and family levels C of microbiota in the cecal contents of the indicated mice. Each column represents pooled samples from the indicated mice (n = 3 mice per group).