Fig. 4: Fangchinoline suppressed the HR pathway and increased sensitivity to DNA damage-inducing drugs.

A Transcriptional expression of c-Myc was decreased in CM-AS16 cells after treatment with 8 μM fangchinoline. n = 4. B The protein level of c-Myc was decreased in a dose-dependent manner in CM-AS16 cells after treatment with fangchinoline. n = 3. C An immunoblotting assay revealed that the protein level of c-Myc was decreased in CM-AS16 tumour tissues after treatment with 50 mg/kg fangchinoline daily. n = 3. D An immunofluorescent assay revealed that the protein level of c-Myc was decreased in CM-AS16 tumour tissues after treatment with 50 mg/kg fangchinoline daily. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 5. Scale bar: 100 μm. E The protein levels of the HR factors BRCA1 and RAD51 were decreased in a dose-dependent manner in CM-AS16 cells after treatment with fangchinoline. n = 3. F The protein levels of the HR factors BRCA1 and RAD51 were decreased in CM-AS16 tumour tissues after treatment with 50 mg/kg fangchinoline daily. n = 3. G Representative images of RAD51 foci induced by cisplatin (50 μM for 24 h) in CM-AS16 cells after treatment with or without 1.2 μM fangchinoline [red: RAD51; blue: Hoechst]. Scale bar: 10 μm. Fangchinoline significantly decreased the number of RAD51 foci induced by cisplatin. n = 3. H, I Fangchinoline increased the sensitivity of CM-AS16 cells to cisplatin. J, K Fangchinoline increased the sensitivity of CM-AS16 cells to doxorubicin. n = 3. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, by Student’s t-test.